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Know the Causes of Nosebleeds and Treatment Steps

Nosebleeds is a term for bleeding that occurs in the nostrils. The causes can vary, ranging from mild and can be handled independently to severe and need to get special treatment. Nosebleeds have medical terms epistaxis. This condition can happen to anyone and can occur suddenly, so it is important to know the initial steps to treat it as first aid.

Causes of Nosebleeds by Type

Nosebleeds can be divided into two types according to the location of the bleeding, which are:

Anterior nosebleeds

Anterior nosebleeds occur because blood vessels in the front of the nose are damaged or torn, resulting in bleeding. Anterior nosebleeds often occur in children. Here are the causes of anterior nosebleeds that you need to know:
  • Fever or increase in body temperature.
  • Colds or flu that triggers nasal congestion and sneezing repeatedly.
  • Recurrent or recurrent sinusitis.
  • Minor injuries, such as wounds due to picking or hitting.
  • Excessive use of decongestants.

Posterior nosebleeds

Posterior nosebleeds occur because blood vessels in the back of the nose are damaged and bleeding. Posterior nosebleeds are usually more common in the elderly and in people who experience a number of the following conditions:
  • Broken nasal bones due to trauma to the blow or fall.
  • Nose surgery.
  • Tumors in the nasal cavity
  • Atherosclerosis.
  • Leukemia and hypertension.
  • Hemophilia.
  • Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a genetic disorder that affects blood vessels.
  • Use of drugs, such as aspirin, warfarin, and heparin.

Nosebleed Handling Steps

When you or someone around you experience a nosebleed, the first thing you should do is stay calm and find a comfortable place. After that, then you can take the following steps to manage nosebleeds:

  • Sit up straight

    • This method is useful to reduce the pressure of blood vessels in your nose, so the bleeding can stop immediately.

  • Lean forward and pinch your nose

    • After sitting up straight, lean your body forward so that the blood coming out of the nose is not swallowed. Then, pinch your nose tightly for 15-20 minutes and breathe through your mouth.

  • Compress the base of the nose after bleeding

    • You can also compress the nose in cold water or with ice cubes wrapped in plastic. Place the compress on the base of your nose. If possible, you can also apply a small amount of petroleum jelly to the inside of your nose using a cotton bud or your fingers.
If the nose bleeds last for more than 30 minutes, you should immediately see a doctor so that emergency treatment can be given. Not only that, if you experience frequent nosebleeds, you also need to see a doctor. The doctor will conduct a series of tests to find out the cause of your nosebleeds, and provide appropriate treatment.

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